Chapter 1: IntroductionLouis Braille was born on the 4 January 1809 in Coupvray, France* and died on the 6 January 1852 in Paris, France.
Chapter 2: Timeline
*an awl is a pointy tool used to carve holes into leather. 
Chapter 3: Braille, and Braille books.
*I put this in because it is written in Braille. Chapter 4: What is Braille?Braille is an Alphabet composed of six dots. It is usually raised and is read by touch. It is usually read by blind people. Chapter 5: A message to all childrenStay in school! Who knows? Maybe you'll be an inventor too some day, Just like Louis Braille :)
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1. Where did you live when you were my age (8)? Mom: I lived in Unionville, Ontario, Canada. Dad: Galway City, Co. Galway, Ireland. 2. Which city/town were you born in? Mom: I was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dad: Galway City, Co. Galway, Ireland. 3. How many brothers &/or sisters did you have? What games did you play with them? Mom: I have two younger brothers. When we were little, we liked to play outside in our backyard, having adventures, or I would play with my Barbies with one of my brothers. Dad: I had 2 sisters and no brothers. I used to play Make/Believe 4. Did you have a TV? If so, what shows did you like to watch? Mom: We had a TV. When we were small, we watched Sesame Street, The Muppet Show, Polka Dot Door, and Mr Dress-up. Dad: I had a TV when I was 8. It had two channels, RTE1 and RTE2. Every Thursday Evening, we used to watch the muppet show. 5. What school(s) did you go to? Want were your teachers like? Mom: I went to Unionville P.S. and Unionville High School. I had a lot of different teachers, some were nicer than others. When I was 8, I was in Grade 3 at Unionville P.S. and my teacher was Mrs. Fraser. She was nice. I went to the basement of the Mervew Church for pre-school, Renmore National school, Vesjes Highschool and NUIG. 6. What did you do on your summer Holidays? Mom: During the summer, we usually went to camp. We would go to a day camp where we'd swim, do arts and crafts, play games, and sing songs. Dad: I Visited my Grandparents. 7. What did you do on your 8th birthday? Mom: I think I had a birthday party at home with some friends and my family. My mom always made a birthday cake and we would watch a movie and eat popcorn. Dad: We had a party. 8. What was your favourite song? And what kind of music did you listen to when you were 8? Mom: I remember hearing The Beatles on the radio in my parents' car and I liked their songs. I also remember singing along to "Eye of the Tiger" and Olivia Newton-John's song "Let's Get Physical". Dad: We used to sing songs together in the car. 9. What’s your favourite food that your mom made? Mom: I can't remember anything specific to when I was 8, but she always made a big salad to go with dinner, and I liked those. We would sometimes have family BBQs in the backyard, and she would made a good coleslaw to go with the burgers and hotdogs.
Mom: I loved Anne of Green Gables (just the first one), The Secret Garden, and The Hobbit.
my close family:
Distant Family:
1845 - 1849 80% of the Irish population worked on rented land owned by mean landlords, meaning very high rent, and better work means even higher rent, as well as if the landlords thought you had more money. Beluosus qui erant !!*  Under the Penal Laws, if you were a tenant farmer, you had to divide your land up between your sons, so there was not enough land for a whole family.  The poorest people ate only potatoes for ALL three meals - which is probably where the myth that the Irish LOVE potatoes came from.  The potatoes mostly got destroyed from blight - a fungus that destroyed potatoes all across Europe. It destroyed them inside-out. 1/3 of all potatoes were destroyed in 1845 alone causing people to die of hunger
  Mass graves were dug outside towns & cities to stop the disease. You can visit one in Skibbereen, Co. Cork.  Even our naughty neighbour "Great" Britain took pity on Ireland and brought corn from America; but, being naughty, they made the prices too high for most people to buy.  A Work Relief scheme was made by "Great" Britain to pay the Irish. The Irish worked and they got paid. But, being naughty, it wasn't enough to pay for the rising food prices.  Most people couldn't afford rent, so 1,000s of farmers, cottiers, who worked for the tenant farmer for land, and labourers were moved to workhouses, which were for the poorest of the poor. In them, it was like Georgian jail. They lived on watery porridge (Stirabout), and wore uniforms. Diseases were very likely to kill you.  Charity from the USA, Canada, & India was your only hope to survive.   Quakers Did LOADS to Help The Irish. We got Rice, Gigantic Bowls of Soup, and Seeds for Planting. They Also Gave you LOADS of Fishing Tools to Help you Fish.  In 1841, Ireland's Population was over 8 Million, in 1845 it was 6.5 Million, by 1900 it was 4.5 Million, which is today's population.
 The steerage passengers weren't often allowed above deck but they were when they were leaving the station.  Ellis Island in New York became an entry point for emigrants traveling to America. It was made in 1892 as a station where you got a health check before entering New York. Annie More, from Co. Cork, was the 1st immigrant to pass trough Ellis Island. She came in 1892, aged 15, with her two younger brothers, in order to join her parents who emigrated earlier. She came on the steamship called Nevada in 1892.
1. Where did you live when you were my age (8)?
Nana: "I lived at 264 Westmount Avenue, Toronto, Canada."
Granddad: "I lived in a terraced house in Yellowbatter Drogheda Ireland." 2. Which city/town were you born in?
Nana: "I was born in Toronto, Ontario Canada."
Granddad: "I was born in my granny’s house in Mary Street Drogheda." 3. How many brothers &/or sisters did you have? What games did you play with them?
Nana: "I have 1 brother. We rode bicycles, played cards, some board games, putting puzzles together, marbles, hide and seek, tag. I was also the annoying little sister at times." Granddad: "When I turned eight I had three brothers and one sister. Later that year another brother, Ciaran, was born. We used to play at being cowboys, and we also used to play tig, which is also called tag." 4. Did you have a TV? If so, what shows did you like to watch?
Nana: "Yes I had a TV. I watched Roy Rogers, Howdy Doody, Ed Sullivan, Milton Berle, I love Lucy, comedy and cartoon shows. There were not too many TV shows to chose from at that time."
Granddad: "We got a TV when I was seven. There were two channels, UTV and BBC. My favourite programme was Robin Hood. I also liked a programme called William Tell." 5. What school(s) did you go to? Want were your teachers like?
Nana: "Earlscourt Public School (JK), Rawlinson Public School (SK to 7), Wilson Heights Junior High School (8-9), William Lyon Mackenzie High School (10-13), University of Toronto (3 years). Public school teachers were mostly female and very nice. Junior and High school I had many teachers...some nice and some mean. I had a favorite math teacher Mr. York and a funny science teacher Mr. Anastasiatis but we all called him Mr. A. Mr. McGillis was a great history teacher who taught me how to study history for my exams."
Granddad: "When I was eight I moved from the Sisters of Charity school to the Christian Brothers. My first teacher in the new school was Brother O’Loughlin. He was very nice." 6. What did you do on your summer Holidays?
Nana: "My Nana's family came to visit in the summer when I was little and I played with my cousin Michael. We rode our bicycles every day. We went to movies. We went to water parks. We always had big family BBQs. My uncle Irving would take us to interesting places around the city to explore. One summer he took us to the Ford Motor Assembly Plant and we got to see how cars were made. He was a school Principal. When I was a little older (maybe around 10 or 11), I went to summer camp ... The same one Jodi Blumenfeld went to. As I got older I would spent summer with my friends at swimming pools, parks or their cottages. Older still, I travelled in the summer with my parents around Canada and the USA."
Granddad: "We used to go on our holidays to the seaside at Bettystown. We used to stay in a chalet, which was a hit almost like a caravan. Bettystown is just a few miles from Drogheda" 7. What did you do on your 8th birthday?
Nana: "I must have had a party on my 8th birthday but I can't remember that far back ... lol. There was always birthday cake."
Granddad: "Sorry. I can't exactly remember, but usually for a birthday we would have a special tea (meaning evening meal) at home with lemonade and ham & egg buns (pink & yellow sponge sandwich with jam filling & icing on top). We'd also have ham sandwiches. I could bring one or two friends. My friend Paddy Nulty from next door was probably there and maybe also my cousin Frank McAuley. We played party games where someone was blindfolded and had to try to get around an obstacle course. I'm not sure what present I got but I think it might have been a printing set." 8. What was your favourite song? And what kind of music did you listen to when you were 8?
Nana: "I liked children's songs when I was 8. Funny songs. Songs that I could do silly dances to. It's Howdy Doody Time"
Granddad: "My parents liked musicals, so I liked songs from the musicals, like Just Blew in from the Windy City from Calamity Jane." 9. What’s your favourite food that your mom made?
Nana: "I loved BBQ hot dogs, hamburgers and steak. My mom made good cabbage rolls too and chicken."
Granddad: "My favourite food was apple tart! I also liked Shepherds Pie" 10. What kinds of books did you like when you were 8?
Nana: Canada
Granddad: Ireland Here's The Aztec & Mayan (Pronounced My-Anne) Number System:  It's Simple, The Dot is 1, The Dash is 5. 0 is a Shell. Now You Know The Mayan Numbers, Figure Out Which One is False:   iAdiós por ahora!
An Aztec Drink You Wouldn't Want to HaveThe Aztecs Made Alcohol From Putting What Into Honey? 
Historians Can't Agree Who the Aztecs Were! 4 Aztec foods you wouldn't want to have 1: Dogs 2: Toads 3: Ants 4: Tadpoles 2 Aztec Foods you Might Want to Have
 ¡Adiós por ahora!/Bye for now!  Here's Napoleon Bonaparte:  Here's the only person who could stand in his way:  It's Horatio Nelson. Here's a map of France:  That picture comes from Wikimedia so I can't take credit for it. France once owned part of Canada. Here's a map of Canada with Quebec highlighted:  That picture also comes from Wikimedia.
Here is the Canadian Flag:  The red symbolizes historic ties with Great Britian. The white symbolizes historic ties with France.
The Canadian Flag was made on the 15 Feb 1965.
 The Romans only left when there was trouble in Romania in 86 A.D. The Picts* share a language with the Celts. Here Ogham is again: They wrote from bottom to top. Now, figure out what this is: (the answer is at the bottom of this post)  Here are the Scottish monarchs from 1371 - 1625: Robert II of Scotland, James I,II,III, IV, & V Mary I, James VI. The world-loved Scottish food Haggis is made out of pigs. Don't forget how to eat your historic porridge!!
*The Picts were what the Romans called the Scots so Pictland = Scotland.
**Caledonia is latin for Scotland. The answer to the ogham problem is "I love mom" This is St. Brigid's cross*  * St. Brigid is named after the Celtic goddess of fire. She was born in about 450 A.D. St. Brigid's day is 1st February. Patron saint of 1. Florida 2. Ireland 3. babies 4. poets Her cross is made out of rushes. Many Irish people hang it up to protect their home from fire. This is the shamrock  For clovers, 3 = shamrock, 4 = 4 leaf clover = luck. The shamrock was used by St. Patrick to explain to the Irish that god exists in 3 forms 1. Father 2. Son 3. Holy Spirit. St. Patrick is said to have BANISHED!, all the snakes from Ireland, something IMPOSSIBLE!, because Ireland never had snakes, what people mean is that he drove evil spirits out. This is a harp.  This is a symbol of Ireland because a Munster king in the 11th century called Brian Boru was a great harpist. He died in 1014 A.D. It's on Irish coins, here's proof.  SLÁN!
This is a Stuart timeline:
1603 James VI crowned James I 1605 Guy Fawkes caught 1616 Shakespeare dies 1621 1st Puritans in America 1625 Charles I crowned 1629 Charles I takes away Parliament 1637 Scotland uses English prayers 1642 Start of English Civil war 1647 End of Civil War 1649 Charlie gets the chop 1660 Charles II crowned 1665 Great plague 1666 Great Fire of London 1685 James II crowned 1688 James II thrown off the throne: Mary II and William III crowned 1702 Anne crowned 1707 English and Scottish Parliament transform into British Parliament 1714 End of the Stuarts  This is the Tudor family tree  This is the list of the Tudors in order They were a dynasty from 1485 to 1603
The Normans Came From France.
11,000 B.C. 1st people in Peru 1250 B.C. 1st people in Andes* 600 A.D. 3rd people to do mummy burial after cavemen and Egyptian people 900 The Huari** went away 1100 Start of Incan Empire 1105 1st Incan Lord 1370 1st Incan palaces 1438 Incan Civil War 1492 Christopher Columbus lands in North America 1525 Spanish germs in Peru *The Andes are mountains **The Huari were in Peru Before the Incas The Incan women washed their hair in pee-pee.
In the Cold War they used rockets...  ...To fly in!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! No, they didn't fight in the flying rockets :) It should be called the space race because they raced each other into space. They were the USA & Russia. It lasted from 1947 to 1992. That is 45yrs if you're not good at maths.
 Here is a Viking timeline:
787 1st attack on England 793 2nd attack on England 851 1st Viking winter in England 865 1st Viking demand for money from the English King 870 Discovery of Iceland 871 Danelaw invented 982 Greenland discovered 1000 1st Viking in North America 1066 Battle of Hastings and Battle of York The Anglo-Saxons were like the Celts - pushed up across Europe into Britain. Here is a timeline.
410A.D. Romans go home 511A.D. King Arthur dies 597A.D. Christianity is brought to Britain 600s Anglo - Saxons take over England Angle-land, England get it? 787A.D. Wales is made 793A.D. Viking invasion 871A.D. Alfred the Great crowned King 937A.D. Welsh, Scots, Irish & Vikings invade - same time 939A.D. Viking invasion 978A.D. Ethelred the Unready crowned 1002A.D. King Ethelred killed defenseless Vikings 1012A.D. Ethelred gives Vikings 20,000 kg gold. 1013A.D. 1st Viking king crowned 1042A.D. 2nd Last Anglo-Saxon King crowned 1066A.D. King Harold killed The Romans had Emperors. Here is a picture of a Roman invention:  You might think: "But Tadhg, that's a bath!'' and you'd be right! The Romans invented baths ----- to do their business in!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Here is another Roman thing  It's a sponge on a stick!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The Romans used it instead of T.P.*which is odd
*T.P. stands for toilet paper. The Egyptians are most famous for the pyramids. The pyramids look like this:  The Egyptian monarch was called the Pharaoh. He hired peasants to build the pyramids. He paid them radishes & garlic.
Iron is Way stronger than copper.Here are a few things about the Iron age.
The Celts were a dynasty that got pushed up across Europe into Ireland & Britain. They were the greatest fighters of all time, & my ancestors
Copper+tin=bronze!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Let me show you a drawing of a brick of bronze:  I wish we discovered it earlier, I mean it's 3500 B.C. already!
Guess what they used in the Stone Age??????????????????????????????? Stone!!!!!!!! It was the Stone Age!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! You, me, and everybody are Homo sapiens. Let me draw a picture for you:  The blue-eye gene was a mutation that happened in the Bronze Age. The other famous hominins are the Neanderthals. We are all about 1% Neanderthal. (Except Africans whom are 0.3% Neanderthal.)
Hello historians, you're gonna be taken on a wiiiiilllllllld adventure from top to bottom. You will kill with the Celts, slaughter a mammoth in the Stone Age, and make trouble with the Tudors. Slán!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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TadhgMy name is Tadhg. This is my history blog. I live in Galway, Ireland. I am 8. P.S. This was written in 2020. Archives
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